A large population of strongly lensed faint submillimetre galaxies in future dark energy surveys inferred from JWST imaging

Pearson, James; Serjeant, Stephen; Wang, Wei-Hao; Gao, Zhen-Kai; Babul, Arif; Chapman, Scott; Chen, Chian-Chou; Clements, David L; Conselice, Christopher J; Dunlop, James; Fan, Lulu; Ho, Luis C; Hwang, Ho Seong; Koprowski, Maciej; Michałowski, MichałJ and Shim, Hyunjin (2024). A large population of strongly lensed faint submillimetre galaxies in future dark energy surveys inferred from JWST imaging. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 527(4) pp. 12044–12052.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3916

Abstract

Bright galaxies at sub-millimetre wavelengths from Herschel are now well known to be predominantly strongly gravitationally lensed. The same models that successfully predicted this strongly lensed population also predict about one percent of faint 450μm-selected galaxies from deep JCMT surveys will also be strongly lensed. Follow-up ALMA campaigns have so far found one potential lens candidate, but without clear compelling evidence e.g. from lensing arcs. Here we report the discovery of a compelling gravitational lens system confirming the lensing population predictions, with a zs = 3.4 ± 0.4 submm source lensed by a zspec = 0.360 foreground galaxy within the COSMOS field, identified through public JWST imaging of a 450μm source in the SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES) catalogue. These systems will typically be well within the detectable range of future wide-field surveys such as Euclid and Roman, and since sub-millimetre galaxies are predominantly very red at optical/near-infrared wavelengths, they will tend to appear in near-infrared channels only. Extrapolating to the Euclid-Wide survey, we predict tens of thousands of strongly lensed near-infrared galaxies. This will be transformative for the study of dusty star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon, but will be a contaminant population in searches for strongly lensed ultra-high-redshift galaxies in Euclid and Roman.

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