The Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences: Measurement Invariance across International Datasets and Languages

Řiháček, Tomáš; Cooper, Mick; Cígler, Hynek; She, Zhuang; Di Malta, Gina and Norcross, John (2024). The Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences: Measurement Invariance across International Datasets and Languages. Psychotherapy Research, 34(6) pp. 804–816.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2023.2255371

Abstract

Objective: The Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) is a brief, multidimensional measure of clients’ therapy preferences that has been translated into multiple languages. This study aimed (1) to test three competing factor models across multiple datasets, and (2) to test the measurement invariance of the best fitting model across translations, gender, age, and psychotherapy experience.
Method: Fifteen datasets (N = 10,088 observations) representing nine C-NIP language versions were obtained from authors of psychometric studies. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.
Findings: None of the three competing factor models fit the data adequately. Therefore, the most promising of the three models was modified to obtain a new model that sufficiently fit most of the C-NIP version 1.1 datasets. The new model was invariant up to the strict and means levels across gender, age, and psychotherapy experience, but only up to the metric level across translations. However, the C-NIP subscales suffer from suboptimal reliability.
Conclusions: The C-NIP can be safely used to make comparisons between men and women, people of diverse age, and people who had some vs. no experience with psychotherapy. However, the suboptimal reliability of the C-NIP subscales limits the usability of the measure.

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