Descriptive systematics of Upper Paleocene–Lower Eocene pollen and spores from the northern Niger Delta, southeastern Nigeria

Mander, Luke; Jaramillo, Carlos and Oboh-Ikuenobe, Francisca (2023). Descriptive systematics of Upper Paleocene–Lower Eocene pollen and spores from the northern Niger Delta, southeastern Nigeria. Palynology, 47(3), article no. 2200525.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2200525

Abstract

Fossil pollen and spores are a vital source of information on the geological history of tropical vegetation including reconstructions of vegetation diversity and composition. However, such work relies on a sound taxonomic framework, and this is challenging to achieve because of the large number of pollen and spore morphotypes that are encountered in palynological preparations from tropical sediments. In tropical West Africa, for example, extensive taxonomic work on Cretaceous–Paleogene pollen and spores was undertaken in the later part of the 20th century, but more recent palynological work has focussed on stratigraphy and basin evolution, and there is a need for additional taxonomic work on the pollen and spores of this region. We have undertaken a descriptive systematic study of pollen and spores (sporomorphs) from fifteen sediment sediment samples spanning the Upper Paleocene–Lower Eocene of southeastern Nigeria. A palynoflora consisting of 29 spores, two gymnosperm pollen grains, and 138 angiosperm pollen grains is described. Two new spore species are proposed, and one new genus and 18 new species of angiosperm pollen are proposed. The general vegetation type represented by the palynoflora consists of palm-dominated swamps, perhaps with mangroves. The richness of each sample ranges from 29 to 76 sporomorph taxa, and rarefaction analysis suggests an increase in diversity from the Paleocene to the Eocene in this region. Samples from the Paleocene Upper Nsukka Formation are dominated by pollen with botanical affinities to the Arecaceae (palms) and Araceae (arums), and this assemblage is very similar to the Paleocene in the Neotropics.

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