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Bonnington, P.; Hartsfield, N. and Siran, J.
(2004).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2003.06.006
Abstract
A 2-cell embedding of an Eulerian digraph in a closed surface is said to be directed if the boundary of each face is a directed closed walk in G. We prove Kuratowski-type theorems about obstructions to directed embeddings of Eulerian digraphs in the plane.