A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays

Guerreiro, Alexandra; Chatterton, Nicholas; Crabb, Eleanor and Golding, Jon (2019). A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays. Cancer Nanotechnology, 10, article no. 10.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-019-0057-9

Abstract

Background: A wide range of nanoparticles (NPs), composed of different elements and their compounds, are being developed by several groups as possible radiosensitisers, with some already in clinical trials. However, no systematic experimental survey of the clinical X-ray radiosensitising potential of different element nanoparticles has been made. Here, we directly compare the irradiation-induced (10 Gy of 6-MV X-ray photon) production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions of the following metal oxide nanoparticles: Al₂O₃, SiO₂, Sc₂O₃, TiO₂, V₂O₅, Cr₂O₃, MnO₂, Fe₃O₄, CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO₂, MoO₃, Nd₂O₃, Sm₂O₃, Eu₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Tb₄O₇, Dy₂O₃, Er₂O₃ and HfO₂. We also examine DNA damage due to these NPs in unirradiated and irradiated conditions.
Results: Without any X-rays, several NPs produced more radicals than water alone. Thus, V₂O₅ NPs produced around 5-times more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. MnO₂ NPs produced around 10-times more superoxide anions and Tb₄O₇ produced around 3-times more singlet oxygen. Lanthanides produce fewer hydroxyl radicals than water. Following irradiation, V₂O₅ NPs produced nearly 10-times more hydroxyl radicals than water. Changes in radical concentrations were determined by subtracting unirradiated values from irradiated values. These were then compared with irradiation-induced changes in water only. Irradiation-specific increases in hydroxyl radical were seen with most NPs, but these were only significantly above the values of water for V₂O₅, while the Lanthanides showed irradiation-specific decreases in hydroxyl radical, compared to water. Only TiO₂ showed a trend of irradiation-specific increase in superoxides, while V₂O₅, MnO₂, CoO, CuO, MoO₃ and Tb₄O₇ all demonstrated significant irradiation-specific decreases in superoxide, compared to water. No irradiation-specific increases in singlet oxygen were seen, but V₂O₅, NiO, CuO, MoO₃ and the lanthanides demonstrated irradiation-specific decreases in singlet oxygen, compared to water. MoO₃ and CuO produced DNA damage in the absence of radiation, while the highest irradiation-specific DNA damage was observed with CuO. In contrast, MnO₂, Fe₃O₄ and CoO were slightly protective against irradiation-induced DNA damage.
Conclusions: Beyond identifying promising metal oxide NP radiosensitisers and radioprotectors, our broad comparisons reveal unexpected differences that suggest the surface chemistry of NP radiosensitisers is an important criterion for their success.

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About

• Item ORO ID
• 68735
• Item Type
• Journal Item
• ISSN
• 1868-6966
• Project Funding Details

• Funded Project Name	Project ID	Funding Body
  Improving the efficiency and targeting of radiosensitisers	Not Set	Sir John Mason Academic Trust
  Novel oxygen storage nanoparticles and their interaction with radiation	Not Set	Santander
  RaBBiT doctoral training program	PD/BD/114450/2016	New University of Lisbon

• Keywords
• Radiosensitiser; X-ray; Megavoltage; Metal oxide; Nanoparticle; Survey; Radicals; DNA damage
• Academic Unit or School
• Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Life, Health and Chemical Sciences
  Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
• Research Group
• ?? hwpra ??
  Smart Materials
  Cancer Research Group
  Chemistry and Materials Research Group
• Copyright Holders
• © 2019 The Author(s)
• Depositing User
• Jon Golding