Homogeneously derived transit timings for 17 exoplanets and reassessed TTV trends for WASP-12 and WASP-4

Baluev, R V; Sokov, E N; Jones, H R A; Shaidulin, V Sh; Sokova, I A; Nielsen, L D; Benni, P; Schneiter, E M; D’Angelo, C Villarreal; Fernández-Lajús, E; Di Sisto, R P; Baştürk, Ö; Bretton, M; Wunsche, A; Hentunen, V-P; Shadick, S; Jongen, Y; Kang, W; Kim, T; Pakštienė, E; Qvam, J K T; Knight, C R; Guerra, P; Marchini, A; Salvaggio, F; Papini, R; Evans, P; Salisbury, M.; Garcia, F; Molina, D; Garlitz, J; Esseiva, N; Ogmen, Y; Karavaev, Yu; Rusov, S; Ibrahimov, M A and Karimov, R G (2019). Homogeneously derived transit timings for 17 exoplanets and reassessed TTV trends for WASP-12 and WASP-4. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2620

Abstract

We homogeneously analyse ∼3.2 × 105 photometric measurements for ∼1100 transit lightcurves belonging to 17 exoplanet hosts. The photometric data cover 16 years 2004–2019 and include amateur and professional observations. Old archival lightcurves were reprocessed using up-to-date exoplanetary parameters and empirically debiased limb-darkening models. We also derive self-consistent transit and radial-velocity fits for 13 targets. We confirm the nonlinear TTV trend in the WASP-12 data at a high significance, and with a consistent magnitude. However, Doppler data reveal hints of a radial acceleration about ( − 7.5 ± 2.2) m/s/yr, indicating the presence of unseen distant companions, and suggesting that roughly 10 per cent of the observed TTV was induced via the light-travel (or Roemer) effect. For WASP-4, a similar TTV trend suspected after the recent TESS observations appears controversial and model-dependent. It is not supported by our homogeneus TTV sample, including 10 ground-based EXPANSION lightcurves obtained in 2018 simultaneously with TESS. Even if the TTV trend itself does exist in WASP-4, its magnitude and tidal nature are uncertain. Doppler data cannot entirely rule out the Roemer effect induced by possible distant companions.

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