Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of graphene quantum dots

Kellici, Suela; Acord, John; Moore, Katherine E.; Power, Nicholas P.; Middelkoop, Vesna; Morgan, David J.; Heil, Tobias; Coppo, Paolo; Baragau, Ioan-Alexandru and Raston, Colin L. (2018). Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of graphene quantum dots. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, 3(6) pp. 949–958.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RE00158H

Abstract

Green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) have been synthesized via hydrothermal fragmentation using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) process as a single, rapid and environmentally benign method. This is in the presence of p-phosphonic acid calix[4]arene which enhances the optical properties of the graphene quantum dots through surface functionalization, with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 4.5%. Potential environmental impact of a lab-scale supercritical CHFS process compared with that of conventional batch processing of GQDs has been assessed using the method of the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD).

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