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Kellici, Suela; Acord, John; Moore, Katherine E.; Power, Nicholas P.; Middelkoop, Vesna; Morgan, David J.; Heil, Tobias; Coppo, Paolo; Baragau, Ioan-Alexandru and Raston, Colin L.
(2018).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RE00158H
Abstract
Green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) have been synthesized via hydrothermal fragmentation using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) process as a single, rapid and environmentally benign method. This is in the presence of p-phosphonic acid calix[4]arene which enhances the optical properties of the graphene quantum dots through surface functionalization, with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 4.5%. Potential environmental impact of a lab-scale supercritical CHFS process compared with that of conventional batch processing of GQDs has been assessed using the method of the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD).