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Moore, Elaine; Bohorquez, A.; Berry, Frank; Helgason, O. and Marco, J.F.
(2001).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(01)00021-X
Abstract
Results from atomistic simulation calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to define the proposed defect structures of gamma-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 doped with tetravalent ions. These structures are of interest because of the effect of doping on the properties of the oxides. Calculations confirm that occupation by Sn4+ and Ti4+ of octahedral sites in Fe3O4 and gamma-Fe2O3 is more favourable than occupation of tetrahedral asites and indicate that the M4+ ions substitute on iron sites rather than occupy interstitial sites. For gamma-Fe2O3, XPS shows no reduction of Fe3+ occurs. Of the possible remaining balancing defects, calculations indicate that vacancies on the iron sites with six nearest-neighbour iron atoms are favoured. In the case of Fe3O4 results suggest that reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ is preferred and that reduction occurs on a site adjacent to M4+. This small cluster localises the disruption to the crystal structure. These results suggest that the pattern of doping by tetravalent ions in spinel-related iron oxides differs from that in the corundum-related alpha-Fe2O3.