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Fortune, Joyce and White, Diana
(2002).
URL: http://www.springer.com/east/home?SGWID=5-102-22-3...
Abstract
This paper questions the value of labelling unpredictable and ‘unenvisionable’ behaviour as emergent. Using a phenomenon widely reported in the risk literature it suggests that some behaviours and properties which could easily be cited as evidence of emergence may owe nothing to the concept of hierarchy and have explanations which lie wholly outside the field of systems.