Social enterprise for work integration in 12 European countries: a descriptive analysis

Spear, Roger and Bidet, Eric (2005). Social enterprise for work integration in 12 European countries: a descriptive analysis. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 76(2) pp. 195–231.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1370-4788.2005.00276.x

Abstract

The development of social enterprise is a rapidly emerging trend in Europe. And one sector where they have found a particularly important place is in work integration, addressing some of the more difficult problems of social exclusion in labour markets. The study on which this paper is based was a large scale comparative analysis of developments of these social enterprise in 12 European countries While there are clear differences in national contexts, there are also similarities in the forms and characteristics of these social enterprise across Europe. It is argued that this form of social enterprise has proved effective and is an important innovation to address problems of more marginalised groups and individuals, but there remain issues about how to sustain and promote the good models and good practices developed.

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