Comprehensive social protection programming: what is the potential for improving sanitation

Roelen, Keetie and Rodriguez, Karol (2025). Comprehensive social protection programming: what is the potential for improving sanitation. Journal of Development Effectiveness (early access).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2024.2442379

Abstract

We estimate and assess the impact of a comprehensive social protection intervention on sanitation access and behaviour in rural Haiti. Evaluations of such interventions point to positive effects on lives and livelihoods, yet their impact on sanitation remains relatively unexplored. Despite rapid acceleration of efforts in the past decade, progress towards adequate and equitable sanitation has been limited. Using a mixed methods approach, we find that bundled interventions can be effective in improving access to sanitation facilities and promoting sanitation behaviour. Findings also point to the importance of contextual factors and the role of women in facilitating positive outcomes.

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