Planetary Geologic Maps: Essential Tools for Scientific Inquiry and Space Exploration

Luna, Jeannette Wolak; Iqbal, Wajiha; Bernhardt, Hannes; El Bilali, Hafida; Krasilnikov, Sergey; Krasilnikov, Alexander; van der Bogert, Carolyn; Pondrelli, Monica; Frigeri, Alessandro; Massironi, Matteo; Ivanov, Mikhail; Basilevsky, Alexander; Kumar, P. Senthil; Dhingra, Deepak; Ruj, Trishit; Xiao, Long; Ji, Jinzhu; Aharonson, Oded; Rothery, David; Hiesinger, Harald; Skinner, James A.; Head, James; Ernst, Richard and Osinski, Gordon (2024). Planetary Geologic Maps: Essential Tools for Scientific Inquiry and Space Exploration. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 129(10)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024je008442

Abstract

Planetary geologic maps are crucial tools for understanding the geological features and processes of solid bodies in the Solar System. Over the past six decades, best practices in planetary geologic mapping have emphasized clear and objective observation, geological interpretation, multi‐sensor fusion, and iterative revision of maps based on new data. We summarize here four ways in which maps serve as indispensable instruments for scientific investigation, from enhancing observations to interrogating surface processes. With respect to space exploration, we underscore the role of planetary geologic maps as tools to link testable, hypothesis‐driven science to exploration goals and provide actionable information for hazard identification, resource evaluation, sample collection, and potential infrastructure development. To further advance the field of planetary geologic mapping, international collaboration is essential. This includes sharing data and maps through FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) platforms, establishing standardized mapping practices, promoting diverse nomenclature, and fostering continued cooperation in space exploration.

Plain Language Summary

We summarize why planetary geologic maps are important for science and space exploration. We review the history of these maps and present four ways in which planetary geologic maps contribute to scientific understanding. We further outline six ways in which maps help humanity plan and execute space missions productively and safely. These endeavors require international participation; thus, we end with a call for collaboration to train the next generation of mappers, develop maps for future missions, and use maps to communicate the significance of space exploration to everyone.

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