Rist, Martin A.; Plumbridge, W.J. and Cooper, S.
(2006).
Creep-constitutive behavior of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder using an internal stress approach.
Journal of Electronic Materials, 35(5),
pp. 1050–1058.
Abstract
The experimental tensile creep deformation of bulk Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder at temperatures between 263 K and 398 K, covering lifetimes up to 3,500 h, has been rationalized using constitutive equations that incorporate structure-related internal state variables. Primary creep is accounted for using an evolving internal back stress, due to the interaction between the soft matrix phase and a more creep-resistant particle phase. Steady-state creep is incorporated using a conventional power law, modified to include the steady-state value of internal stress. It is demonstrated that the observed behavior is well-fitted using creep constants for pure tin in the modified creep power law. A preliminary analysis of damage-induced tertiary creep is also presented.
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