Newton, Alexandra C.; Bootman, Martin D. and Scott, John D.
(2016).
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| DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Link: | https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a005926 |
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Abstract
Second messengers are small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector proteins. They include a wide variety of chemical species and have diverse properties that allow them to signal within membranes (e.g., hydrophobic molecules such as lipids and lipid derivatives), within the cytosol (e.g., polar molecules such as nucleotides and ions), or between the two (e.g., gases and free radicals). Second messengers are typically present at low concentrations in resting cells and can be rapidly produced or released when cells are stimulated. The levels of second messengers are exquisitely controlled temporally and spatially, and, during signaling, enzymatic reactions or opening of ion channels ensure that they are highly amplified. These messengers then diffuse rapidly from the source and bind to target proteins to alter their properties (activity, localization, stability, etc.) to propagate signaling.
| Item Type: | Journal Item |
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| Copyright Holders: | 2016 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |
| ISSN: | 1943-0264 |
| Academic Unit/School: | Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Life, Health and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) |
| Research Group: | Health and Wellbeing PRA (Priority Research Area) |
| Item ID: | 47998 |
| Depositing User: | Martin Bootman |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Dec 2016 12:38 |
| Last Modified: | 02 May 2018 14:24 |
| URI: | http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/47998 |
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